Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. People become infected when they consume food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.
The most common symptom is severe diarrhea. The diarrhea is typically painless and watery (often called “rice-water” stools). Vomiting is also common.
Most cholera infections are relatively mild. Many people recover on their own by maintaining adequate hydration. However, approximately 10–20 percent of infected individuals may develop severe illness, which can cause life-threatening dehydration. Severe cases require prompt treatment with oral rehydration solutions, intravenous fluids, and sometimes antibiotics.
Most travelers have a low risk of cholera because following safe food and water precautions is usually sufficient to prevent infection.
Healthcare workers, humanitarian aid personnel, and relief workers traveling to areas experiencing active cholera outbreaks and who may have limited access to safe food and water are at increased risk. These travelers should consult a travel medicine specialist regarding cholera vaccination before departure. Current international travel health guidelines generally recommend vaccination only for travelers visiting areas with active cholera transmission.
For additional information on cholera, visit the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or consult a qualified travel medicine physician.
We trust this information will assist you in making informed choices regarding your health and well-being. However, it is not intended to replace personalized advice from your physician or healthcare provider.
Our appreciation to the Coordinating Doctors of International SOS, an AEA Company, who contributed this article in response to health concerns faced by expatriates living in Indonesia.
